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C1 Atomic Structure & Periodic Table

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C1.1 Atoms
Atoms, Elements & Compounds
Chemical Symbols & The Periodic Table

C1.2 Chemical Equations
How To Use State Symbols
How To Interpret Chemical Formula
How To Interpret Chemical Formula With Brackets
An Introduction To Balancing Equations

C1.3 Separating Mixtures
What is a Mixture?
Mixtures
​Pure & Impure Substances
Solute, Solvent & Solutions
​Filtration
Crystallisation & Saturated Solutions
Filtration & Crystallisation
Simple Distillation

C1.4 Fractional Distillation & Paper Chromatography
Paper Chromatography
Fractional Distillation

C1.5 History of The Atom
Dalton's Atomic Theory
Thompson's Cathode Ray Tube Experiment
​Thompson's Plum Pudding Model
Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment
Moseley Discovers Atomic Number
Bohr's Nuclear Model
Chadwick Discovers The Neutron
History of The Atom Timeline

C1.6 Structure of the Atom
Atomic Structure
Why Are Atoms Neutral
Mass & Atomic Number
Why Do Atoms Bond

C1.7 Ions, Atoms & Isotopes
What is an Ion
Explaining Isotopes
Relative Atomic Mass: Chlorine
Relative Atomic Mass: Copper

C1.8 Electronic Structures
Electronic Configuration Diagrams

C2.1 Development of The Periodic Table 
Development: Dalton & Newlands
Development: Mendeleev

C2.2 Electronic Structure & Periodic Table
How To Use The Periodic Table
​Electronic Configuration
​Group 0: Chemical & Physical Properties 
Group 0: Uses

C2.3 Group 1 - the Alkali Metals
​Group 1 Chemical Properties: Forming Cations
Group 1 Physical Properties
Group 1 Chemical Reactions: Water
Group 1 Chemical Reactions: Chlorine
Group 1 Chemical Reactions: Oxygen

C2.4 Group 7 - the Halogens
​Group 7 Chemical Properties: Forming Anions
Group 7 Chemical Properties: Diatomic Molecules
Group 7 Physical Properties
Hydrogen Halide & Halides
Displacement Reactions Between The Halogens

C2.5 Explaining Trends
Explaining Group 1 Reactivity
Explaining Group 7 Reactivity

C2.6 The Transition Elements
Physical Properties Of Transition Elements
Chemical Properties Of Transition Elements
Compounds Of Transition Elements

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C2 Bonding, Structure & Properties Of Matter

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C3.1 States of Matter
Solids, Liquids & Gases
Properties of Solids, Liquids & Gases
Changes of State
Heating Curve For Water
Limitations of The Particle Model (H)

C3.2 Atoms into Ions
How Cations Form
How Anions Form

C3.3 Ionic Bonding
What are Ions
What Are Ionic Bonds
Writing Formulae Of Ionic Compounds
Writing Formulae Of Polyatomic Ions
Ionic Bonding: Lithium Fluoride
Ionic Bonding: Calcium Chloride
Ionic Bonding: Magnesium Oxide

C3.4 Giant Ionic Structures 
Giant Ionic Lattice Structure
Properties of Ionic Compounds: Melting Points
Effects of Ionic Charge on Melting Points
Properties of Ionic Compounds: Electricity
Ionic Compounds: Conducting Electricity

C3.5 Covalent Bonding
What Are Covalent Bonds
Why Are Covalent Bonds Strong
Covalent Molecules 1: Hydrogen Chlorine & Chloride
Covalent Molecules 2: Water & Methane
Covalent Molecules 3: Carbon Dioxide & Oxygen
Covalent Molecules 4: Nitrogen & Ammonia

C3.6 Structure of Simple Molecules
What is a Simple Molecular Structure
Intermolecular Forces v Covalent Bonds
Properties of Molecules: Melting & Boiling Points
Effect of Molecular Size on Melting & Boiling Point
Properties of Molecules: Electricity

C3.7 Giant Covalent Structures
Diamond & Silicon Dioxide
Graphite
Diamond vs Graphite

C3.8 Fullerenes & Graphene
Graphene
Fullerenes 

C3.9 Bonding in Metals
What are Metallic Bonds

C.10 Giant Metallic Structures
What is an Alloy
Properties of Metals: Electricity
Electrical Conductivity of Metals
Properties of Metals: Melting Points

C3.11 Nanoparticles 
What Are Nanoparticles

C3.12 Nanoparticles 
Uses & Risks Of Nanoparticles

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C3 Quantitative Chemistry

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C4.1 Relative Masses & Moles
What is Relative Atomic Mass
What is Relative Formula Mass
What is The Mole & Avogadro's Constant?
Avogadro's Constant: Calculating Number of Atoms/Molecules
Calculating Moles & Masses of Elements
Calculating Moles & Masses of Compounds
How To Calculate The Empirical Formula Using Masses & Relative Atomic Mass (EDEXCEL)
How To Calculate The Molecular Formula Using Empirical Formula & Mr (EDEXCEL)

C4.2 Equations & Calculations
Balancing Equations 1
Balancing Equations 2
What Can Balanced Equations Say About Chemical Reactions
How To Calculate The Mass Using A Balanced Equation
How To Calculate The Mass of Reacting Substances (H)

C4.3 From Masses to Balanced Equations
How To Balance An Equation Using Masses Of Reacting Substances (H)
How To Determine The Limiting Reactant

C4.4 The yield of a chemical reaction
Percentage Yield
Calculating Percentage Yield (H)
 
C4.5 Atom economy
Calculating Atom Economy

C4.6 Expressing Concentrations
What is Concentration
How to Calculate Concentration

C4.7 Titrations
How To Do A Titration
 
C4.8 Titration Calculations
Calculating Mass Of A Solute In Solution
Calculating Concentration From Titrations
Calculating Volume From Titrations
How To Convert mol/dm³ To g/dm³

C4.9 Volumes of Gases
Calculating Volume Of A Gas Using Mass
Calculating Mass Using Volume Of A Gas

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C4 Chemical Changes

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5.1 Reactivity Series
​Reactivity Series

5.2 Displacement Reactions
Oxidation & Reduction (OIL RIG)
What is a Displacement Reaction
Half Equations For Formation of Cations
Half Equations For Formation of Anions
​How Zinc Displaces Copper From Copper Sulphate
How Displacement Reactions Are Redox Reactions

5.3 Extracting Metals
What is an Ore
Reduction of an Oxide by Carbon
Reduction of an Oxide by Hydrogen

5.4 Extracting Metals
Acids & Metals
Why Metals Reacting With Acids is Always a Redox Reaction

5.5 Salts From Insoluble Bases
Neutralisation: Acids & bases
Making a Soluble Salt From an Insoluble  Base
Solubility Rules Of Salts In Water (EDEXCEL)
How To Prepare An Insoluble Salt (EDEXCEL)
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5.6 Making More Salts
Neutralisation: Acids & Alkalis
Acids & Carbonates
Examples of Acids & Carbonate Reactions

5.7 Neutralisation & The pH Scale
What Are Acids, Alkalis & Bases?
Universal Indicator & The pH Scale
Indicators of Acids & Alkalis

5.8 Strong & Weak Acids
Comparing Dilute, Concentrated, Weak & Strong Acids
Comparing Strong & Weak Acids
​How Does The Number of Hydrogen Ions Control The pH

C6.1 Introduction To Electrolysis
What is Electrolysis
Electrolysis of Molten Zinc Chloride
​Electrolysis of Copper Chloride
Electrolysis of Copper Bromide

C6.2 Changes At The Electrodes
Effect of Water in Electrolysis
Electrolysis of Molten Lead Bromide

C6.3 Extraction Of Aluminium
Extracting Aluminium Oxide From Bauxite
Why is Electrolysis Used to Extract Aluminium
Electrolysis of Aluminium Oxide
Electroplating (EDEXCEL)

C6.4 Electrolysis of Aqueous Solutions 
Electrolysis of Sodium Chloride Solution
Identifying Products Formed in Electrolysis of NaCl Solution 
The Importance of Brine
Electrolysis of Sodium Sulphate Solution
Electrolysis Of Acidified Water: Hofmann Voltameter

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C5 Energy Changes

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C7.1 Exothermic & Endothermic Reactions
Exothermic & Endothermic Reactions
Investigating Temperature Changes: Poly(styrene) Cup Experiment 

C7.2 Using Energy Transfers From Reactions
Energy Transfers From Chemical Reactions

C7.3 Reaction Profiles
Exothermic or Endothermic Reaction Profiles
Why Are Reactions Exothermic or Endothermic

C7.4 Bond Energy Calculations
Introduction to Using Bond Energies (H)
Using Bond Energies to Calculate Energy Transferred (H)

C7.5 Chemical cells and batteries
Chemical Cells & Batteries
Investigating Chemical Cells
 
C7.6 Fuel cells
Hydrogen Fuel Cell

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C6 Rate & Extent of Chemical Change 

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C8.1 Rate of Reaction
What is Rate of Reaction
Measuring Rate of Reaction: Reactants
Measuring Rate of Reaction: Products Forming
Measuring Rate of Reaction: Using Light

C8.2 Collision Theory & Surface Area
Collision Theory
How Surface Area Affects Rate of Reaction
Surface Area Affecting Rate of Reaction (HCl & CaCO3)

C8.3 Effect of Temperature
How Temperature Affects Rate of Reaction
Rate of Reaction Graph: Temperature

C8.4 Effect of Concentration & Pressure
How Concentration Affects Rate of Reaction
How Pressure Affects Rate of Reaction

C8.5 Effects of Catalysts
How Catalysts Affect Rate of Reaction
Why Catalysts Are Used in Industry
Catalytic Converters

C8.6 Reversible Reactions
What is a Reversible Reaction

C8.7 Energy & Reversible Reactions
Reversible Reactions & Energy Transfers
Reversible Reactions: Copper (II) Sulphate
Reversible Reactions: Cobalt (II) Chloride
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C8.8 Dynamic Equilibrium
What is Dynamic Equilibrium
Le Chatelier's Principle: Concentration
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C8.9 Altering Conditions
Le Chatelier's Principle: Pressure
Le Chatelier's Principle: Temperature

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C7 Organic Chemistry

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C9.1 Hydrocarbons
Formation of Crude Oil
What Are Hydrocarbons
Uses of Crude Oil
How to Name Alkanes
Properties & Uses of Crude Oil
Boiling Point Trends of Hydrocarbons
Gases vs Bitumen

C9.2 Fractional Distillation of Oil
Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil
Alkanes: Homologous Series
Alkanes: General Formula

​C9.3 Burning Hydrocarbon Fuels
What is Combustion
Investigating Complete Combustion
Complete & Incomplete Combustion
Why Incomplete Combustion Happens
Incomplete Combustion Problems

C9.4 Cracking Hydrocarbons
Supply & Demand of Crude Oil
Cracking of Hydrocarbons
Catalytic vs Steam Cracking
Fuels: Petrol vs Hydrogen

C10.1 Reactions of the Alkenes
What Is An Alkene
Combustion Of Alkenes
Addition Reactions Of Alkenes With Halogens
Addition Reactions Of Alkenes With Hydrogen
Addition Reactions Of Alkenes With Water (Steam)
 
C10.2 Structures of Alcohols, Carboxylic Acids and Esters
What Is An Alcohol
What Is A Carboxylic Acid
What Is An Ester
 
C10.3 Reactions and Uses of Alcohols
Uses Of Alcohols
Combustion Of Alcohols
Reacting Alcohols With Sodium
Oxidation Of Alcohol To Form Carboxylic Acid
 
C10.4 Carboxylic Acids and Esters
Carboxylic Acids Reacting With Metal Carbonates
What Is An Ester

C11.1 Additional Polymerisation
What Is A Polymer
Addition Polymerisation
 
C11.2 Condensation Polymerisation
Condensation Polymerisation
 
C11.3 Natural Polymers
(coming soon)
 
C11.4 DNA
(coming soon)

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C8 Chemical Analysis

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5C12.1 Pure Substances & Mixtures
What is a Pure Substance
Pure & Impure Substances
What are Formulations
Water For Chemical Analysis (Edexcel)

C12.2 Analysing Chromatograms
Chromatograms & Calculating Rf Values

C12.3 Testing For Gases
Testing For Gases: Hydrogen
Testing For Gases: Oxygen
Testing For Gases: Carbon Dioxide
Testing For Gases: Chlorine
​Testing For Gases: Ammonia
Testing For All The Gases

C12.4 Tests for Positive Ions
Tests For Positive Ions
 
C12.5 Tests for Negative Ions
Tests For Negative Ions (Halides & Sulfates)
Tests For Negative Ions (Carbonates)
 
C12.6 Instrumental Analysis
Instrumental Analysis
Flame Emission Spectroscopy

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C9 Chemistry of The Atmosphere

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C13.1 History of Our Atmosphere
Earth's Early Atmosphere
How Do We Know About Earth's Early Atmosphere
How Oceans Formed

C13.2 Our Evolving Atmosphere
How Oceans Affected The Early Atmosphere
How Photosynthesis Affected The Atmosphere
How Fossil Fuels Store Carbon
Bands Of Iron Pyrite & Iron Oxide In Rocks (EDEXCEL)
Summary of How the Early Atmosphere Change

C13.3 Greenhouse Gases
The Greenhouse Effect
Difference Between Greenhouse Effect & Global Warming
What Causes Greenhouse Gases to Increase
Evidence for Climate Change: Ice Cores
Correlation & Causal Data for Climate Change

C13.4 Global Climate Change
The Effects of Climate Change
How to Stop Climate Change

C13.5 Atmospheric Pollutants
How Combustion of Fuels Produce Pollution
The Pollution Produced from Diesel Cars

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C10 Using The Earth's Resources

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C14.1 Finite & Renewable Resources
Natural Resources: Finite &  Renewable Resources
How Ethene can be a Finite or Renewable Resource

C14.2 Water Safe To Drink
How Potable Water is Made
Desalination
Making Potable Water (Edexcel)

C14.3 Treating Waste Water
How Sewage is Treated
How Sewage Sludge is Treated

C14.4 Extracting Metals From Ores
Electrolysis & Smelting to Extract Copper
Extract Copper From Malachite in the Laboratory
Using Phytomining: Extracting Copper
Using Bioleaching: Extracting Copper
Advantages & Disadvantages: Bioleaching & Phytomining

C14.5 Life Cycle Assessments
What Is A Life Cycle Assessment
Life Cycle Assessment: Paper Bag Vs Plastic Bag
 
C14.6 Reduce, Reuse and Recycle
What Is Reduce, Reuse & Recycle
Recycling Of Metals
Environmental Considerations Of Mining

C15.1 Rusting
Rusting
Preventing Rusting
 
C15.2 Useful Alloys
Copper, Aluminium & Gold Alloys
Carbon & Alloy Steels
 
C15.3 The Properties of Polymers
High Density & Low Density Poly(ethene)
Thermosoftening & Thermosetting Polymers
Different Polymers & Their Uses (EDEXCEL)

C15.4 Glass, Ceramics and Composites
Glass
Ceramics
Composite Materials
 
C15.5 Making Ammonia - the Haber Process
The Haber Process
 
C15.6 The Economics of the Haber Process
The Conditions Of The Haber Process
 
C15.7 Making Fertilisers in the Lab
Making Ammonium Salts Using Ammonia
 
C15.8 Making Fertilisers in the Industry
A Summary Of Making NPK Fertilisers